tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86095508947097646362024-03-06T12:01:53.876-08:00Nutrition and LymphedemaPat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.comBlogger42125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-70498912846946947782013-04-01T09:23:00.002-07:002013-04-01T09:29:20.389-07:00Do patients with lymphoedema cholestasis syndrome 1/Aagenaes syndrome need dietary counselling outside cholestatic episodes?<b><span style="color: orange;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.231em; line-height: 1.125em;">Do patients with </span><span class="highlight" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.231em; line-height: 1.125em;">lymphoedema</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.231em; line-height: 1.125em;"> cholestasis syndrome 1/Aagenaes syndrome need dietary counselling outside cholestatic episodes?</span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">Aug 2010</span></b></div>
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<b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Drivdal%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20170991" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Drivdal M</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=L%C3%B8ken%20EB%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20170991" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Løken EB</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hagve%20TA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20170991" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Hagve TA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bergstad%20I%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20170991" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Bergstad I</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Aagenaes%20%C3%98%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=20170991" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Aagenaes Ø</a>.</b></div>
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Source</h3>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">Regional Department of Eating Disorders, Division of Psychiatry, Building 37A, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, N-0407 Oslo, Norway. ildr@uus.no</span></b></div>
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Abstract</h3>
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<b><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Keywords:</span></span><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="ce-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #336699;">Intrahepatic cholestasis</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">, </span><span class="ce-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #336699;">Lymphoedema</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">, </span><span class="ce-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #336699;">Nutrition assessment</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">, </span><span class="ce-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #336699;">Nutrient intake</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">, </span><span class="ce-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Liberation Sans', sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #336699;">Syndrome</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 20.399999618530273px; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="color: #ea9999;">BACKGROUND & AIMS:</span> </span><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: 15.600000381469727px; line-height: 20.399999618530273px;">Patients with </span><span class="highlight" style="font-size: 15.600000381469727px; line-height: 20.399999618530273px;">lymphoedema</span><span style="font-size: 15.600000381469727px; line-height: 20.399999618530273px;"> cholestasis syndrome 1/Aagenaes Syndrome need a fat reduced diet when cholestatic. We wanted to assess the need for dietary counselling outside cholestatic episodes, and hypothetized that no counselling was needed.</span></span></b><br />
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METHODS:</span></h4>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">Fifteen patients above 10 years of age without symptoms of cholestasis were compared with a sex and age matched control group. Diet from a four-day weighed record and blood samples were compared between the two groups and with general Norwegian recommendations.</span></b><br />
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RESULTS:</span></h4>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">The patients had a similar diet to the healthy controls, except for statistically significant lower intake of energy from total fat (p=0.04) and saturated fat (0.02), and fish (0.05). The patients met the dietary recommendations for macronutrients, except for saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, refined sugar and fibre. Supplements were needed to meet the micronutrient recommendations. Patients had a significantly lower serum level of alpha-tocopherol (0.01) compared with the control group, and the serum 25-OH D level was below reference ranges.</span></b><br />
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CONCLUSIONS:</span></h4>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">The patients would benefit from counselling on fat quality, carbohydrates including fibre intake, and individual needs for vitamins D and E. To secure serum 25-OH D and alpha-tocopherol levels within reference ranges, regular examinations to determine the need for supplementary vitamins D and E are recommended.</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00028-2/abstract">Elsevier</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-36823673357647371162013-02-24T08:25:00.003-08:002013-02-24T08:25:50.619-08:00How prevalent is vitamin B(12) deficiency among vegetarians?<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>How prevalent is <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vitamin</span> <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B</span>(12) <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> among vegetarians?</b></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Feb 2013</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pawlak%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23356638" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pawlak R</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Parrott%20SJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23356638" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Parrott SJ</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Raj%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23356638" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Raj S</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Cullum-Dugan%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23356638" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cullum-Dugan D</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lucus%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23356638" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lucus D</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, North Carolina, USA.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Vegetarians are at risk for <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vitamin</span> <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B</span>(12) (B12) <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> due to suboptimal intake. The goal of the present literature review was to assess the rate of B12 depletion and <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> among vegetarians and vegans. Using a PubMed search to identify relevant publications, 18 articles were found that reported B12 <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> rates from studies that identified <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> by measuring methylmalonic acid, holo-transcobalamin II, or both. The <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> rates reported for specific populations were as follows: 62% among pregnant women, between 25% and almost 86% among children, 21-41% among adolescents, and 11-90% among the elderly. Higher rates of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> were reported among vegans compared with vegetarians and among individuals who had adhered to a vegetarian diet since birth compared with those who had adopted such a diet later in life. The main finding of this review is that vegetarians develop B12 depletion or <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span> regardless of demographic characteristics, place of residency, age, or type of vegetarian diet. Vegetarians should thus take preventive measures to ensure adequate intake of this <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vitamin</span>, including regular consumption of supplements containing B12.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nure.12001/abstract;jsessionid=B690EF6795275D4F4582A0067622F11D.d02t03">Wiley</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-31964089079219240002013-02-24T08:20:00.000-08:002013-02-24T08:23:02.187-08:00Global nutrition epidemiology and trends.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Global nutrition epidemiology and trends.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>2012 </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bhutta%20ZA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23343944" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bhutta ZA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Salam%20RA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23343944" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salam RA</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>I<span style="color: #38761d;">n the year 2011, 6.9 million children under the age of 5 years died worldwide, one third of them related to increased susceptibility to illnesses due to under nutrition. An estimated 178 million children under 5 years are stunted, 55 million are wasted, and 19 million of these are severely affected and are at a higher risk of premature death, the vast majority being from sub-Saharan Africa and South-Central Asia. Globally, over 2 billion people are at risk for <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vitamin</span> A, iodine, and/or iron<span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">deficiency</span>. Other micronutrient deficiencies of public health concern include zinc, folate, and the <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B</span> vitamins. </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The risk factors for undernutrition include low birth weight, inadequate breastfeeding, improper complementary feeding, and recurrent infections. Infectious diseases often coexist with micronutrient deficiencies and exhibit complex interactions leading to the vicious cycle of malnutrition and infections. Diarrhea along with the poor selection and intake of complementary food are the major contributors to undernutrition. </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Possible strategies to combat malnutrition include promotion of breastfeeding, dietary supplementation of micronutrients, prevention of protein-energy malnutrition, and improvement in the standard of preparation and hygiene of available weaning foods. The universal coverage with the full package of these proven interventions at observed levels of program effectiveness could prevent about one quarter of child deaths under 36 months of age and reduce the prevalence of stunting at 36 months by about one third. </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The median coverage rate of interventions along the continuum of care for Countdown countries has however beenlesws then 80 percent for vaccination and <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vitamin</span> A supplementation. However, for several interventions, including early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and case management of childhood illnesses, the median coverage rate hovers at or below fifty percent. This suggests that interventions requiring strong health systems or behavior change appear to be stalled and need to be re-examined to find more effective ways of delivery.</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/345167">Karger</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-73643168674352087942013-02-08T16:27:00.001-08:002013-02-08T16:27:08.616-08:00Nutrition and Diet Page<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Just a quickie note to pass on a link to another nutritional information page for lymphedema:</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Nutrition and Diet</b></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.stepup-speakout.org/nutrition.htm">Step Up Speak Out</a><br />
<br />Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-56734784325847799352013-01-30T17:47:00.003-08:002013-01-30T17:47:57.553-08:00Cranberry Proanthocyanidins Improve Intestinal sIgA During Elemental Enteral Nutrition.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cranberry Proanthocyanidins Improve Intestinal sIgA During Elemental Enteral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span>.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>2013</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pierre%20JF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pierre JF</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Heneghan%20AF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Heneghan AF</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Feliciano%20RP%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Feliciano RP</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Shanmuganayagam%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shanmuganayagam D</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Krueger%20CG%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Krueger CG</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Reed%20JD%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reed JD</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kudsk%20KA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23359014" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kudsk KA</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Background: </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Elemental enteral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> (EEN) decreases gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) function, including fewer Peyer's patch lymphocytes and lower levels of the tissue T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and mucosal transport protein polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), leading to lower luminal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels. Since we recently demonstrated that cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) maintain the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 when added to EEN, we hypothesized the addition of PACs to EEN would normalize other GALT parameters and maintain luminal levels of sIgA. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Methods</span>: </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomized (12/group) to receive chow, EEN, or EEN + PACs (100 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days, starting 2 days after intragastric cannulation. Ileum tissue was collected to measure IL-4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, pIgR by Western blot, and phosphorylated STAT-6 by microarray. Intestinal wash fluid was collected to measure sIgA by Western blot.</span> </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Results: </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Compared with chow, EEN significantly decreased tissue IL-4, phosphorylated STAT-6, and pIgR. The addition of PACs to EEN prevented these alterations. Compared with chow, EEN resulted in significantly lower levels of luminal sIgA. The addition of PACs to EEN increased luminal sIgA levels compared with EEN alone. </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Conclusions: </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>This study suggests the addition of PACs to EEN may support GALT function and maintain intestinal sIgA levels compared with EEN administration alone</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br />Full length article:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.600000381469727px;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pen.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/01/25/0148607112473654.long">Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition</a></span></span></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-38053862188148049202013-01-25T08:15:00.004-08:002013-01-25T08:15:39.163-08:00Nutrition and depression at the forefront of progress.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span> and depression at the forefront of progress.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Popa%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23346242" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Popa T</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Ladea%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23346242" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ladea M</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>3rd Psychiatric Department, "Alexandru Obregia" Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Depression is a debilitating disorder estimated to become the second cause of morbidity worldwide by the year 2020. The limited efficacy of antidepressant therapy, as well as the major negative consequences of this disorder, has stimulated additional research in order to determine possible adjunctive treatments. There is mounting evidence linking dietary patterns to major depression development. This article presents some of the most significant findings concerning the role of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> in major depressive disorder. Although more focused and clear results are needed, the correlation between <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> and mental health is gaining attention. Now, there is evidence supporting the importance of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> in maintaining good mental health. We emphasize multiple findings that support adherence to healthy dietary patterns, taking into account that the production of neurotransmitters need, among others, right amounts of nutrients, a lot of which can only be supplied through diet. Not only certain nutrients are needed for proper brain functioning, but also others can be harmful, promoting depression. The Mediterranean diet has been linked to a low prevalence of depression while fast-food consumption has been found to increase the risk of developing and aggravating this disorder, hence the need for <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> interventions. From the perspective of discovering modifiable risk factors, the role of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> in psychiatry could be more important than it was initially considered.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346242">PubMed</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-6016589378165973022013-01-19T07:04:00.000-08:002013-01-19T07:04:15.523-08:00Vitamins can harm cancer patients: scientist<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Vitamins can harm cancer patients: scientist</span></h1>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>LATE-stage cancer patients could be thwarting their own treatment by taking multi-vitamin pills containing antioxidants, the Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson has warned.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The benefits of supplements containing antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E are the subject of fierce debate.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>While some studies suggest that they could offer moderate protection against cancer, Professor Watson, who with Francis Crick discovered the ''double helix'' structure of DNA in 1953, argues that the pills could be doing more harm than good.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>In a new paper, he claims that the reason late-stage cancers often become untreatable is that they produce high levels of antioxidants which stop treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy from working.In healthy people, antioxidants can be helpful because they attack molecules known as ''free radicals'' which can damage DNA. But many cancer treatments use free radicals to kill tumour cells, meaning antioxidants could prevent them doing their job.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Professor Watson said studies should be carried out to test his theory, which he described as ''among my most important work since the double helix''.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Writing in the Royal Society's <em style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Open Biology</em> journal, he said: ''For as long as I have been focused on the understanding and curing [of] cancer, well-intentioned individuals have been consuming antioxidative nutritional supplements as cancer preventatives if not actual therapies.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>''In light of the recent data strongly hinting that much of late-stage cancer's untreatability may arise from its possession of too many antioxidants, the time has come to seriously ask whether antioxidant use much more likely causes, than prevents, cancer.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>''Blueberries [which are high in antioxidants] had best be eaten because they taste good, not because their consumption will lead to less cancer.''</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Professor Nic Jones, Cancer Research UK's chief scientist, said: ''We know from many large studies that, far from being potent cancer-fighters, antioxidant supplements seem to be ineffective for cancer prevention in healthy people, and some can even slightly increase the risk of cancer. This should give people good reason to think twice about relying on them.''</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Steve Williamson, cancer spokesman for Britain's Royal Pharmaceutical Society, added: ''I always advise patients not to take antioxidants while they are having chemotherapy in case it counteracts it.''</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cancer Council Australia's chief executive Ian Olver said the comments ''had merit''.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>''Multi-vitamins are something that may be helpful in prevention, but they may not be helpful for treatment,'' Professor Olver said.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>With a study last year showing that more than 50 per cent of male cancer patients in Australia were using ''complementary and alternative medicines'' while receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, Professor Olver said patients and doctors should ensure that alternative medicine use is out in the open.</b></span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Telegraph, London</span></strong></div>
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15.600000381469727px; line-height: 20.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15.600000381469727px; line-height: 20.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read more: <a href="http://www.theage.com.au/national/health/vitamins-can-harm-cancer-patients-scientist-20130109-2cgrc.html#ixzz2IQwNrm7Z" style="border: 0px; color: #003399; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: initial; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.theage.com.au/national/health/vitamins-can-harm-cancer-patients-scientist-20130109-2cgrc.html#ixzz2IQwNrm7Z</a></span></div>
Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-32937889495867164372013-01-11T06:44:00.003-08:002013-01-11T06:44:24.176-08:00Are alanine, cysteine, glycine and valine amino acids the cause of non-immune hydrops fetalis? <br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Are alanine, cysteine, glycine and valine <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino acids</span> the cause of non-immune hydrops fetalis?</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">**</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.125em;"><i><span style="color: #b45f06;">Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a syndrome that presents with lymphedema</span></i><span style="color: red;">**</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.125em;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>2012</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kale%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23157039" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kale A</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kale%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23157039" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kale E</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adana Numune Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey. ebrukale@gmail.com</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Our objective was to measure amniotic fluid <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino</span> acid concentrations in pregnant women diagnosed as having fetuses with non immune hydrops fetalis in the second trimester of pregnancy. Twenty-three pregnant women who had fetuses with non immune hydrops fetalis detected by ultrasonography (non immune hydrops fetalis group) in the second trimester and 19 women who had healthy fetuses (control group) were enrolled in the study. Amniotic fluid was obtained by amniocentesis. The chromosomal analysis of the study and control groups was normal. </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Levels of free <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino acids</span> were measured in amniotic fluid samples using EZ: fast kits (EZ: fast GC/FID free (physiological) <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino</span> acid kit) by gas chromatography (Focus GC Al 3000 Thermo Finnigan analyzer). The mean levels of alanine, cysteine, glycine and valine<span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino acids</span> were found to be significantly higher in fetuses with non immune hydrops fetalis than in the control group (p<0.05). The detection of significantly higher <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino</span> acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid of fetuses with a non immune hydrops fetalis in healthy fetuses suggests loss of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">amino acids</span> from the fetus through capillary permeability or/and the lymphatic system through the amniotic fluid may contribute to the etiology of non-immune hydrops fetalis.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23157039">PubMed</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-12697783499798970832013-01-11T06:31:00.004-08:002013-01-11T06:31:46.103-08:00Effect of vitamin D supplementation on progression of knee pain and cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.<br />
<h1 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font: inherit; line-height: 1.125em; margin: 0.375em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Effect of vitamin D supplementation on progression of knee pain and cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Jan 2013</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="color: red;">**</span><span style="color: orange;">Editor's note: Many ,many of those with lymphedema report severe knee problems as well. This is due, most likely, to the effects of the massive edema and the strain and inflammation the body goes through in attempting to cope.</span><span style="color: red;">**</span></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=McAlindon%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">McAlindon T</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=LaValley%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">LaValley M</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Schneider%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Schneider E</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Nuite%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nuite M</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lee%20JY%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lee JY</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Price%20LL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Price LL</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lo%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lo G</a><span style="background-color: white;">,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Dawson-Hughes%20B%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23299607" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dawson-Hughes B</a><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Source</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>IMPORTANCE:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: #38761d;">Knee osteoarthritis (OA), a disorder of cartilage and periarticular bone, is a public health problem without effective medical treatments. Some studies have suggested that vitamin D may protect against structural progression.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>OBJECTIVE:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: #38761d;">To determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces symptom and structural progression of knee OA.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: #38761d;">A 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial involving 146 participants with symptomatic knee OA (mean age, 62.4 years [SD, 8.5]; 57 women [61%], 115 white race [79%]). Patients were enrolled at Tufts Medical Center in Boston between March 2006 and June 2009.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>INTERVENTION:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: #38761d;">Participants were randomized to receive either placebo or oral cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/d, with dose escalation to elevate serum levels to more than 36 ng/mL.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: #38761d;">Primary outcomes were knee pain severity (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities [WOMAC] pain scale, 0-20: 0, no pain; 20, extreme pain), and cartilage volume loss measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points included physical function, knee function (WOMAC function scale, 0-68: 0, no difficulty; 68, extreme difficulty), cartilage thickness, bone marrow lesions, and radiographic joint space width.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>RESULTS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: #38761d;">Eighty-five percent of the participants completed the study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased by a mean 16.1 ng/mL (95% CI, 13.7 to 18.6) in the treatment group and by a mean 2.1 mg/mL (95% CI, 0.5 to 3.7) (P < .001) in the placebo group. Baseline knee pain was slightly worse in the treatment group (mean, 6.9; 95% CI, 6.0 to 7.7) than in the placebo group (mean, 5.8; 95% CI, 5.0 to 6.6) (P = .08). Baseline knee function was significantly worse in the treatment group (mean, 22.7; 95% CI, 19.8 to 25.6) than in the placebo group (mean, 18.5; 95% CI, 15.8 to 21.2) (P = .04). Knee pain decreased in both groups by a mean -2.31 (95% CI, -3.24 to -1.38) in the treatment group and -1.46 (95% CI, -2.33 to -0.60) in the placebo group, with no significant differences at any time. The percentage of cartilage volume decreased by the same extent in both groups (mean, -4.30; 95% CI, -5.48 to -3.12 vs mean, -4.25; 95% CI, -6.12 to -2.39) (P = .96). There were no differences in any of the secondary clinical end points. </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #b45f06;">CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: </span> <span style="color: #38761d;">Vitamin D supplementation for 2 years at a dose sufficient to elevate 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels to higher than 36 ng/mL, when compared with placebo, did not reduce knee pain or cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic knee OA.</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1556148">JAMA</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-42185660598769623342013-01-04T07:55:00.000-08:002013-01-04T07:55:31.831-08:00Successful management of congenital chylous ascites with early octreotide and total parenteral nutrition in a newborn.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Successful management of congenital chylous ascites with early octreotide and total parenteral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> in a newborn.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">***</span><i><span style="color: #274e13;">Editor's note: While this is no "special" diet for lymphedema patients, sometimes there are syndromes that present with lymphedema as a co morbidity. These in fact, do have special dietary and nutritional needs as the one below does. Pat</span></i> <span style="color: red;">***</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Olivieri%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23010459" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Olivieri C</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Nanni%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23010459" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nanni L</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Masini%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23010459" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Masini L</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pintus%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23010459" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pintus C</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Source</b></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pediatric Surgery Unit, Policlinico "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Congenital chylous ascites (CCA) is a rare disease that results from maldevelopment of the intra-abdominal <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">lymphatic system</span>. Few cases have been described and no gold standard treatment has been defined so far. Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has been used for the treatment of CCA, but always after a failed conservative approach with fasting, total parenteral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> (TPN) or medium chain triglyceride (MCT) feeds. We report the case of a newborn with CCA treated by fasting, TPN and octreotide for a period of 15&emsp14;days until the abdominal distension was successfully reduced at which point treatment was switched to an MCT formula. On day 25 the patient was breastfed and was discharged on day 33. No recurrence of chylous ascites was noted. Our experience highlights the successful treatment with TPN and octreotide as the first step for the conservative approach of CCA in a newborn, reducing the length of treatment and hospitalisation.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2012/bcr-2012-006196.long">BMJ</a></b></span></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-34581588011497404872012-12-27T09:21:00.001-08:002012-12-27T09:25:08.062-08:00Lymphedema and vitamins <br />
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Lymphedema and vitamins</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">**</span><span style="color: #b45f06;">Editor's note: This is an interesting article, even though it dates back to 1971. Written by the Földi clinic, so thought it worth sharing.</span><span style="color: red;">**</span> </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Ethel Földi-Borcsok and M. Földi - Lymphödem</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>In 1971, the unexpected fact has been described (1) that surgically induced acute </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">experimental<a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema"> lymphedema</a> in the rat flourished with the usual laboratory diet rich in</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>vitamins, can be treated successfully by the administration of various vitamins, e.g., pyndoxine, pantothenic acid, and particularly, a highly active representative of the vitamin </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">P family,2 coumarin (5 , 6-benzo-a-pyron). These data, obtained by means of plethysmographic assessment of the volume of lymphedema, were confirmed by histology.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Based on these results, the question has to be raised whether an inadequate supplying </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">of the organism with vitamins would aggravate lymphedema. After having obtained an </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">affirmative answer to this question, therapeutic trials were performed in avitaminotic</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #274e13;">lymphedematous animals.</span> </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Material and methods</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Experiments were performed in 150 male Wistar rats (body weights given in Fig. 1). The animals were divided into three groups.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>Group 1</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Group 1 comprised rats fed ad libitum an artificial diet rich in vitamins (Table 1). On the 56th </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">day, these animals were divided into five subgroups. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: orange;"><i>Subgroup 1.1</i> </span><span style="color: #274e13;">(n = 10). From the 56th to the 63rd day, the rats were given daily ip injections of </span></b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">saline, 10 mI/kg body wt. On the 60th day, the rats were anesthetized with nembutal (50 mg/kg ip). Preoperative volume of the neck and head was measured by electronic plethysmography by means of the apparatus constructed by Bundschuh (Griesheim, W. Germany). This was followed by a radical cervical lymphatic blockage. From a midline incision reaching from the mandibula to the sternum, lymph nodes were carefully prepared and</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>ligated. Plethysmographic measurements were repeated on the 63rd day.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="color: orange;">Subgroup 1.2</span> </i><span style="color: #274e13;">(n = 10). In this subgroup, the procedure was the same as in subgroup 1.1, with</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>just one difference. Instead of saline, the rats were treated with the following vitamins in milligrams per kilogram body weight: vitamin B1, 40; lactoflavin, 23; niamid, 160; pyridoxine, 16; pantothenic acid, 240; biotin, 2 and cyanocobalamin, 80 pg/kg body weight.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: orange;"><i>Subgroup 1.3</i></span> <span style="color: #274e13;">(n 10). Procedure was the same as in subgroups 1.1 and 1.2 with one difference; i.e., the animals were treated with 25 mg/kg coumarin</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>(5 , 6-benzo-alpha-pyron). Subgroup 1.4 (,z 10). Procedure differed from </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">that used in subgroups 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 in one respect; the rats were treated with 500 mg/kg tnhydroxy-ethyl-rutin. Subgroup 1.5 (n 10). In this subgroup, the same procedure was followed as with subgroup 1.1 except that instead of a cervical lymphatic blockage, only a sham operation was performed.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>Group 2</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Rats were fed a diet (ad libitum) that was poor in B-complex vitamins (Table 1). On the 35th day, the rats were divided into five subgroups. (This day was chosen instead of the 56th because vitamin B deficiency was already marked and the state of the rats deteriorated rapidly.)</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: orange;"><i>Subgroup 2.1</i> </span><span style="color: #274e13;">(n 10). From the 35th to the 42nd day, the rats were given daily ip injections of </span></b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">saline. On the 39th day, they were treated as those in subgroup 1 . 1 . Plethysmographic measurements were repeated on the 42nd day. Subgroup 2.2 (n 10). In this subgroup, procedure was the same as in subgroup 2.1, with one exception. Instead of saline, the rats were treated with the same vitamins as those in subgroup 1.2. Subgroup 2.3 (n 10). The rats in this group were treated with coumarin; otherwise the procedure was the same as in subgroup 2.1 and 2.2.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: orange;"><i>Subgroup 2.4</i></span> <span style="color: #274e13;">(n = 10). Our procedure differed from that used in subgroups 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 in </span></b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">one respect, these rats were treated with trihydroxyethyl-rutin. Subgroup 2.5 (n = 10). In this subgroup, the procedure was the same as in subgroup 2.1 except that instead of a lymphatic blockage, only a sham operation was performed.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>Group 3</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Rats in this group were fed the Sherman-LaMerCampbell diet (4), free of vitamin P but supplemented with ascorbic acid (Table 1). This group..... </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Complete Text with charts:</b></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/26/2/185.long">American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</a><br />
<br />Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-51844925105083605582012-12-27T08:55:00.005-08:002012-12-27T08:55:49.471-08:00Protein-Loosing Entropathy Induced by Unique Combination of CMV and HP in an Immunocompetent Patient.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Protein-Loosing Entropathy Induced by Unique Combination of CMV and HP in an Immunocompetent Patient.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Chen%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23197985" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chen S</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lalazar%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23197985" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lalazar G</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Barak%20O%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23197985" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Barak O</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Adar%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23197985" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adar T</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Doviner%20V%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23197985" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Doviner V</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mizrahi%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23197985" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mizrahi M</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Internal Medicine A, Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Organization, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem IL 91120, Israel.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Protein-losing gastroenteropathies are characterized by an excessive loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in hypoproteinemia (detected as hypoalbuminemia), <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">edema</span>, and, in some cases, pleural and pericardial effusions. Protein-losing gastroenteropathies can be caused by a diverse group of disorders and should be suspected in a patient with hypoproteinemia in whom other causes, such as <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">malnutrition</span>, proteinuria, and impaired liver protein synthesis, have been excluded. In this paper, we present a case of protein-losing enteropathy in a 22-year-old immunocompetent male with a coinfection of CMV and Hp. </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Introduction:</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Protein-losing gastroenteropathies can be caused by a diverse group of disorders, in which an increase in intestinal leakage of plasma proteins occurs. This leakage can occur via either mucosal injury or increased lymphatic pressure in the gut. Laboratory findings include reduced serum concentrations of albumin, gamma globulins, fibrinogen, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin. The hypoalbuminemia may lead to edema of the lower extremities.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>A variety of benign and malignant conditions can be associated with protein-losing gastroenteropathy, for example, IBD and gastrointestinal malignancies. However, in otherwise healthy patients, the role of CMV in the pathogenesis has been suggested. A gastric biopsy in a few reported cases demonstrated the presence of CMV. However, most of these patients were children who had a typical benign and transient course and required only supportive therapy. Around 90 cases of gastrointestinal involvement were reported in healthy adult patients, the great majority with colonic involvement, among them none had coinfection with Hp. We describe a case of erosive gastritis with significant protein-loss, admitted to our department for evaluation because of vomiting and abdominal pain. Gastric-mucosal biopsy revealed morphological evidence of both CMV and Hp infection.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">**</span><span style="color: #38761d;"><i>Editor's note: Many lymphedema patients also have lymphangiectasia, which is a protein-loosing entropathy. One complication is the disruption of the lymphatic processes of the intestine. This in turns contributes to over all edema, processing of fat and proteins. Because of this,. I have included this.</i></span><span style="color: red;">**</span></b></span></div>
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<b style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Full Text Report:</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15.600000381469727px;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3502835/">NIH-Case Reports</a></span></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-23352783248761046812012-12-27T08:43:00.002-08:002012-12-27T08:43:24.707-08:00Nutrient Intake, Peripheral Edema, and Weight Change in Elderly Recuperative Care Patients.<br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Nutrient Intake, Peripheral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Edema</span>, and Weight Change in Elderly Recuperative Care Patients.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Nov 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sullivan%20DH%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sullivan DH</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Johnson%20LE%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Johnson LE</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Dennis%20RA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dennis RA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Roberson%20PK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Roberson PK</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Garner%20KK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Garner KK</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Padala%20PR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Padala PR</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Padala%20KP%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Padala KP</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bopp%20MM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23183900" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bopp MM</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (Building 170, 3J/NLR), Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4300W 7 Street, Little Rock, AR 72205. SullivanDennisH@uams.edu.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>BACKGROUND:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>It is unclear whether serial measures of body weight are valid indicators of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional status</span> in older patients recovering from illness.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>OBJECTIVES: Investigate the relative influence of nutrient intake and changes in peripheral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">edema</span> on weight change.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>METHODS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>A prospective cohort study of 404 older men (mean age = 78.7±7.5 years) admitted to a transitional care unit of a Department of Veterans Affairs nursing home. Body weight and several indicators of lower extremity <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">edema</span> were measured at both unit admission and discharge. Complete nutrient intake assessments were performed daily.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>RESULTS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Over a median length of stay of 23 days (interquartile range: 15-41 days), 216 (53%) participants gained or lost more than or equal to 2.5% of their body weight. Two hundred eighty-two (70%) participants had recognizable lower extremity pitting <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">edema</span> at admission and/or discharge. The amount of weight change was strongly and positively correlated with multiple indicators of both nutrient intake and the change in the amount of peripheral <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">edema</span>. By multivariable analysis, the strongest predictor of weight change was maximal calf circumference change (partial R(2) = .35, followed by average daily energy intake (partial R(2) = .14, , and the interaction of energy intake by time (partial R(2) = .02. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>CONCLUSIONS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Many older patients either gain or lose a significant amount of weight after admission to a transitional care unit. Because of the apparent high prevalence of co-occurring changes in total body water, the weight changes do not necessarily represent changes in <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional status</span>. Although repeat calf circumference measurements may provide some indication as to how much of the weight change is due to changes in body water, there is currently no viable alternative to monitoring the nutrient intake of older recuperative care patients in order to ensure that their nutrient needs are being met.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/22/gerona.gls234.long">Oxford Journals</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-77210295591692014012012-12-22T07:59:00.001-08:002012-12-22T07:59:31.578-08:00Nutritional and cultural aspects of the mediterranean diet.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutritional</span> and cultural aspects of the mediterranean diet.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Jun 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Serra-Majem%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23258395" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Serra-Majem L</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bach-Faig%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23258395" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bach-Faig A</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Raid%C3%B3-Quintana%20B%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23258395" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Raidó-Quintana B</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain, and University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Clinical<span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sciences</span>, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract </b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The recent recognition by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) of the Mediterranean diet as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity reinforces, together with the scientific evidence, the Mediterranean diet as a cultural and health model. The Mediterranean diet has numerous beneficial effects on among others the immune system, against allergies, on the psyche, or even on quality of life, topics that are currently fields of research. The Mediterranean diet has an international projection; it is regarded as the healthiest and the most sustainable eating pattern on the planet and is a key player in the public health <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> field globally, but especially in the Mediterranean area. Moreover, this ancient cultural heritage should be preserved and promoted from different areas: public health, agriculture, culture, politics, and economic development.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258395">PubMed</a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-41007544415428573382012-12-14T10:20:00.000-08:002012-12-14T10:20:13.012-08:00What foods are u.s. supermarkets promoting? A content analysis of supermarket sales circulars.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>What foods are u.s. supermarkets promoting? A content analysis of supermarket sales circulars.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Dec 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Martin-Biggers%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Martin-Biggers J</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Yorkin%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yorkin M</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Aljallad%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aljallad C</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Ciecierski%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ciecierski C</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Akhabue%20I%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Akhabue I</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=McKinley%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">McKinley J</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hernandez%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hernandez K</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Yablonsky%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yablonsky C</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Jackson%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jackson R</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Quick%20V%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quick V</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Byrd-Bredbenner%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228904" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Byrd-Bredbenner C</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Source</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>26 Nichol Avenue, <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutritional Sciences</span> Department, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Electronic address: jmartin@aesop.rutgers.edu.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>This study compared the types of foods advertised in supermarket newspaper circulars across geographic region (U.S. Census regions: northeast [n=9], midwest [n=15], south [n=14], and west [n=13]), obesity-rate region (i.e., states with CDC adult obesity rates of <25% [n=14], 25 to <30% [n=24], and ⩾30% [n=13]), and with MyPlate recommendations. All food advertisements on the first page of each circular were measured (±0.12-inch) to determine the proportion of space occupied and categorized according to food group. Overall, ⩾50% of the front page of supermarket sales circulars was devoted to protein foods and grains; fruits, vegetables, and dairy, combined, were allocated only about 25% of the front page. The southern geographic region and the highest obesity-rate region both devoted significantly more advertising space to sweets, particularly sugar-sweetened beverages. The lowest obesity-rate region and western geographic region allocated the most space to fruits. Vegetables were allocated the least space in the western geographic region. Grains were the only food group represented in ads in proportions approximately equal to amounts depicted in the MyPlate icon. Protein foods exceeded and fruits, dairy, and vegetables fell below comparable MyPlate proportional areas. Findings suggest supermarket ads do not consistently emphasize foods that support healthy weight and MyPlate recommendations. More research is needed to determine how supermarket newspaper circulars can be used to promote healthy dietary patterns.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666312004837"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Elsevier</b></span></a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-48059466012722592212012-12-14T10:16:00.001-08:002012-12-14T10:17:23.219-08:00Malnutrition and quality of life in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Malnutrition and quality of life in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Dec 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">**Editor's note:</span> As life spans increase and baby boomers rapidly approaching retirement age, the elderly represent an unheard from and almost invisible class of lymphedema patients. Many times, their lymphedema is not treated due to their age or comorbidities associated with lymphedema. Also, with more and more elderly choosing to live alone, their attention to diet falters, and may in fact be based on their financial resources or even in their ability to prepare food. As a result, many become malnourished and have a greatly reduced quality of life. Attention needs to focus on this issue and intervention needs to be provided Pat O'Connor<span style="color: red;">**</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Rasheed%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228882" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rasheed S</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Woods%20RT%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23228882" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Woods RT</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Department of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span> & Dietetics, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK. Electronic address: solah.rasheed@wales.nhs.uk.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Although the effects of malnutrition on morbidity and mortality of older people is well established, there has been little work done to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and quality of life(QoL) in this population. In order to facilitate further research and to aggregate existing evidence into a clear overview, a systematic review was conducted. The objective was to identify the literature on the topic, review the findings systematically, and assess the association between <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional status</span>and QoL. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published up to April 2011. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>References within identified studies also searched. The primary author extracted all data using a purpose-built form, and evaluated the quality of the studies using a published checklist. A second reviewer checked a random sample of articles independently. Evidence in the current review comes from both cohort studies and intervention trials. Results from the former suggested that individuals with malnutrition are more likely to experience poor QoL (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 2.20 - 3.70, p<0.001). </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Consistent with this, interventions designed to improve <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional status</span> can also lead to significant improvements in QoL, both physical (standard mean difference 0.23, CI: 0.08 to 0.38, p=0.002) and mental aspects (standard mean difference 0.24, CI: 0.11 to 0.36, p<0.001). </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>However, the results should be interpreted with caution in view of the poor quality of the included studies and the heterogeneity of methods employed in the assessment of both <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional status</span> and QoL. Future studies should carefully characterise their participants and use standardised parameters for <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> and QoL assessments in order to achieve better evaluation and comparability of study results.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163712001493"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Elsevier</b></span></a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-76354544261562436022012-12-14T10:05:00.002-08:002012-12-14T10:05:18.741-08:00Features predicting weight loss in overweight or obese participants in a web-based intervention: randomized trial.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Features predicting weight loss in overweight or obese participants in a web-based intervention: randomized trial.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">**Editor's note:</span> Obesity is now rising to be the number one cause of what is referred to as secondary lymphedema. It is absolutely essential that those of us with lymphedema maintain a healthy weight. If we have lymphedema, being obese is like putting a gun to our head.Pat O'Connor <span style="color: red;">**</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Brindal%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23234759" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Brindal E</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Freyne%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23234759" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Freyne J</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Saunders%20I%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23234759" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Saunders I</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Berkovsky%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23234759" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Berkovsky S</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Smith%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23234759" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Smith G</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Noakes%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23234759" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Noakes M</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>CSIRO, Food & <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutritional Sciences</span>, Adelaide, Australia. emily.brindal@csiro.au.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>BACKGROUND:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Obesity remains a serious issue in many countries. Web-based programs offer good potential for delivery of weight loss programs. Yet, many Internet-delivered weight loss studies include support from medical or <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> experts, and relatively little is known about purely web-based weight loss programs.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>OBJECTIVE:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>To determine whether supportive features and personalization in a 12-week web-based lifestyle intervention with no in-person professional contact affect retention and weight loss.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>METHODS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>We assessed the effect of different features of a web-based weight loss intervention using a 12-week repeated-measures randomized parallel design. We developed 7 sites representing 3 functional groups. A national mass media promotion was used to attract overweight/obese Australian adults (based on body mass index [BMI] calculated from self-reported heights and weights). Eligible respondents (n = 8112) were randomly allocated to one of 3 functional groups: information-based (n = 183), supportive (n = 3994), or personalized-supportive (n = 3935). Both supportive sites included tools, such as a weight tracker, meal planner, and social networking platform. The personalized-supportive site included a meal planner that offered recommendations that were personalized using an algorithm based on a user's preferences for certain foods. Dietary and activity information were constant across sites, based on an existing and tested 12-week weight loss program (the Total Wellbeing Diet). Before and/or after the intervention, participants completed demographic (including self-reported weight), behavioral, and evaluation questionnaires online. Usage of the website and features was objectively recorded. All screening and data collection procedures were performed online with no face-to-face contact.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>RESULTS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Across all 3 groups, attrition was high at around 40% in the first week and 20% of the remaining participants each week. Retention was higher for the supportive sites compared to the information-based site only at week 12 (P = .01). The average number of days that each site was used varied significantly (P = .02) and was higher for the supportive site at 5.96 (SD 11.36) and personalized-supportive site at 5.50 (SD 10.35), relative to the information-based site at 3.43 (SD 4.28). In total, 435 participants provided a valid final weight at the 12-week follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses (using multiple imputations) revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in weight loss between sites (P = .42). On average, participants lost 2.76% (SE 0.32%) of their initial body weight, with 23.7% (SE 3.7%) losing 5% or more of their initial weight. Within supportive conditions, the level of use of the online weight tracker was predictive of weight loss (model estimate = 0.34, P les then .001). Age (model estimate = 0.04, P lews then .001) and initial BMI (model estimate = -0.03, P less then .002) were associated with frequency of use of the weight tracker.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>CONCLUSIONS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Relative to a static control, inclusion of social networking features and personalized meal planning recommendations in a web-based weight loss program did not demonstrate additive effects for user weight loss or retention. These features did, however, increase the average number of days that a user engaged with the system. For users of the supportive websites, greater use of the weight tracker tool was associated with greater weight loss.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23234759"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>PubMed</b></span></a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-36635103726289185342012-12-14T09:57:00.003-08:002012-12-14T09:57:55.812-08:00Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutritional</span> supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">**Editor's note:</span> Since many of those with lymphedema have corresponding breathing or lung issues, I have included this article for information<span style="color: red;">.**</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Ferreira%20IM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23235577" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ferreira IM</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Brooks%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23235577" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Brooks D</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=White%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23235577" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">White J</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Goldstein%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23235577" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Goldstein R</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Asthma and Airways Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, 7th Floor, East Wing, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>BACKGROUND:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and low body weight have impaired pulmonary <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">status</span>, reduced diaphragmatic mass, lower exercise capacity and higher mortality than those who are adequately nourished. <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutritional</span> support may be useful for their comprehensive care.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>OBJECTIVES:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>To assess the impact of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> support on anthropometric measures, pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscles strength, endurance, functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in COPD.If benefit is demonstrated, to perform subgroup analysis to identify treatment regimens and subpopulations that demonstrate the greatest benefits.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>SEARCH METHODS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>We identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the Cochrane Airways Review Group Trials Register, a handsearch of abstracts presented at international meetings and consultation with experts. Searches are current to April 2012.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>SELECTION CRITERIA:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted the data. Decisions were made by consensus.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>We used post-treatment values when pooling the data for all outcomes, and change from baseline scores for primary outcomes. We used mean difference (MD) to pool data from studies that measured outcomes with the same measurement tool and standardised mean difference (SMD) when the outcomes were similar but the measurement tools different. We contacted authors of the primary studies for missing data.We established clinical homogeneity prior to pooling. We presented the results with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in the text and in a 'Summary of findings' table.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>MAIN RESULTS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>We included 17 studies (632 participants) of at least two weeks of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> support. There was moderate-quality evidence (14 RCTs, 512 participants, nourished and undernourished) of no significant difference in final weight between those who received supplementation and those who did not (MD 0.69 kg; 95% CI -0.86 to 2.24). Pooled data from 11 RCTs (325 undernourished patients) found a statistically significant weight gain (MD 1.65 kg; 95% CI 0.14 to 3.16) in favour of supplementation; three RCTs (116 mixed population) found no significant difference between groups (MD -1.28 kg; 95% CI -6.27 to 3.72). However, when analysed as change from baseline, there was significant improvement with supplementation: 14 RCTs (five of which had imputed SE), MD 1.62 kg (95% CI 1.27 to 1.96 ); 11 RCTs (malnourished), MD 1.73 kg (95% CI 1.29 to 2.17) and three RCTs (mixed), MD 1.44 kg (95% CI 0.68 to 2.19).There was low-quality evidence from five RCTs (six comparisons, 287 participants) supporting a significant improvement from baseline for fat-free mass/fat-free mass index (SMD 0.57; 95% CI 0.04 to 1.09), which was larger for undernourished patients (three RCTs, 125 participants; SMD 1.08; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.47). There was no significant change from baseline noted for adequately nourished patients (one RCT, 71 participants; SMD 0.27; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.73), or for a mixed population (two RCTs, 91 participants; SMD -0.05; 95% CI -0.76 to 0.65).There was moderate-quality evidence from two RCTs (91 mixed participants) that <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> supplementation significantly improved fat mass/fat mass index from baseline (SMD 0.90; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.33).There was low-quality evidence (eight RCTs, 294 participants) of an increase in mid-arm muscle circumference change (MAMC; MD 0.29; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.57).</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>There was low-quality evidence (six RCTs, 125 participants) of no significant difference in change from baseline scores for triceps measures (MD 0.54; 95% CI -0.16 to 1.24).There was low-quality evidence (five RCTs, 142 participants) of no significant difference between groups in the six-minute walk distance (MD 14.05 m; 95% CI -24.75 to 52.84), 12-minute walk distance or in shuttle walking. However, the pooled change from baseline for the six-minute walk distance was significant (MD 39.96 m; 95% CI 22.66 to 57.26).There was low-quality evidence (seven RCTs, 228 participants) that there was no significant difference between groups in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1); SMD -0.01; 95% CI -0.31 to 0.30) when measured in litres or percentage predicted.There was low-quality evidence (nine RCTs, 245 participants) of no significant between group difference in maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP; MD 3.54 cm H(2)O; 95% CI -0.90 to 7.99), but those who received supplementation had a higher maximum expiratory pressure (MEP; MD 9.55 cm H(2)O; 95% CI 2.43 to 16.68). </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>For malnourished patients (seven RCTs, 189 participants), those with supplementation had significantly better MIP (MD 5.02; 95% CI 0.29 to 9.76) and MEP (MD 12.73; 95% CI 4.91 to 20.55).There was low-quality evidence (four RCTs, 130 participants) of no significant difference in HRQoL total score (SMD -0.36; 95% CI -0.77 to 0.06) when pooling results from both the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ).Two trials (67 participants) used the SGRQ to measure individual domains of activity, impact and symptoms. At the end of treatment, the pooled total SGRQ score was both statistically and clinically significant (MD -6.55; 95% CI -11.7 to -1.41). The three RCTs (123 participants) that used the CRQ to measure the change in individual domains (dyspnoea, fatigue, emotion, mastery), found no significant difference between groups.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:</b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>We found moderate-quality evidence that <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> supplementation promotes significant weight gain among patients with COPD, especially if malnourished. Nourished patients may not respond to the same degree to supplemental feeding. We also found a significant change from baseline in fat-free mass index/fat-free mass, fat mass/fat mass index, MAMC (as a measure of lean body mass), six-minute walk test and a significant improvement in skinfold thickness (as measure of fat mass, end score) for all patients. In addition, there were significant improvements in respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) and overall HRQoL as measured by SGRQ in malnourished patients with COPD.These results differ from previous reviews and should be considered in the management of malnourished patients with COPD.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235577"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>PubMed</b></span></a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-66778379713500336972012-12-02T12:28:00.000-08:002012-12-02T12:28:56.298-08:00Nutrition for wound healing.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span> for <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wound healing</span>.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>June 2012<br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Medlin%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22875371" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Medlin S</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Source</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Torbay Hospital, Torquay, Devon.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The importance of the role of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> in <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wound healing</span> is an area that has been widely explored over the last decade. It is well recognised that both macronutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrate) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and trace elements) play important parts in the <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">healing</span> of both chronic wounds and acute injuries. The term '<span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wound</span>' encompasses many different situations from leg ulcers to laparostomy wounds. This article provides an overview of the role of different nutrients in the <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">healing</span> of wounds and guidance to nurses on first-line assessments, which can be used to ensure the patient is receiving adequate <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> for successful <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wound healing</span>. It will focus on commonly seen wounds in primary and secondary care but will not cover specialist <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wound</span> management, such as laparostomy sites and burns, as these must always be cared for by experienced and specialist multidisciplinary teams.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.internurse.com/cgi-bin/go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid=92672;article=BJN_21_12_-_TVS_Supplement_S11_S15"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Internurse</b></span></a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-53566635488100647832012-11-25T06:49:00.003-08:002012-11-25T06:49:18.432-08:00Integrating Nutrition and Immunology: a New Frontier<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: orange;">Integrating <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span> and Immunology: a New Frontier</span>.</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Nov 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Ponton%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23159523" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ponton F</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Wilson%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23159523" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wilson K</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Holmes%20AJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23159523" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Holmes AJ</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Cotter%20SC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23159523" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cotter SC</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Raubenheimer%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23159523" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Raubenheimer D</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Simpson%20SJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23159523" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Simpson SJ</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Source</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>School of Biological <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sciences</span> and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: fleur_ponton@hotmail.com.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span> is critical to immune defence and parasite resistance, which not only affects individual organisms, but also has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutrition</span> and <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">immunity</span> are complex traits that interact via multiple direct and indirect pathways, including the direct effects of <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> on host <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">immunity</span> but also indirect effects mediated by the host's microbiota and pathogen populations. The challenge remains, however, to capture the complexity of the network of interactions that defines <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> immunology. The aim of this paper is to discuss the recent findings in <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> research in the context of immunological studies. By taking examples from the entomological literature, we argue that insects provide a powerful tool for examining the network of interactions between <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition</span> and <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">immunity</span> due to their tractability, short lifespan and ethical considerations. We describe the relationships between dietary composition, <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">immunity</span>, disease and microbiota in insects, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative and multi-dimensional approach to <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional</span> immunology.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191012002545"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Elsevier</b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">**</span><span style="color: #0b5394;">Because we experience a cell mediated immune dysfunction, it is important for anyone with lymphedema to have an understanding of good nutrition and the effect on the immune system.</span><span style="color: red;">**</span></b></span></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-26234886161507349962012-11-25T06:44:00.002-08:002012-11-25T06:44:21.251-08:00Nutritional status of children attended in day-care-centers and food (in)security of their families<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nutritional status</span> of children attended in day-care-centers and food (in)security of their families</b></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Dec 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>[Article in Portuguese]</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Souza%20MM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23175418" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Souza MM</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pedraza%20DF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23175418" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pedraza DF</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Menezes%20TN%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23175418" style="border: 0px; color: #660066; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Menezes TN</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Source</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, 58400-265, maerciomota@bol.com.br.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Abstract</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The scope of this study was to examine associated factors with overweight, stunting and underweight in children attending state day care centers of João Pessoa, as well as to describe the situation of food (in)security of their families. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 250 children. Socioeconomic, maternal and child variables were studied. The <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional status</span> of children was evaluated considering the height-for-age and weight-for-height indices. Household food security was assessed using the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity. The proportions of stunting, underweight and overweight were 7.6%, 1.6% and 6.4% respectively. The associated factors with short stature were low maternal stature and incomplete vaccination. In relation to low weight, the associated factor was maternal age under 20 years. The overweight child was associated with excessive maternal weight and maternal short stature. In 59.6% of families, there was food and <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutrition i</span>nsecurity, the mild form being more frequent (32.4%). Overweight and stunting were found to be the most common <span class="highlight" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nutritional </span>disorders in this study, constituting priorities that should be considered in current public policies.</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23175418"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>PubMed</b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>**I have included this article as most children now days are IN day care centers, even those with lymphedema.**</b></span></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-8224055537184342462012-11-13T08:27:00.001-08:002012-11-13T08:27:52.943-08:00Basic Dietary Rules and Infuence of Nutrition on Lymphedema<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Basic Dietary Rules and Infuence of Nutrition on Lymphedema</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The currently most effective conservative therapy for lymphedema is Combined Decongestive Therapy or CDT. It consists of Manual Lymph Drainage (Dr. Vodder Method), compression bandaging, special skin care and accompanying physical therapy regime. Nutrition plays an important medium and long term role within this CDT approach. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Dietary change to assist therapy “The only thing you are going to lose in a diet is your good mood”, said the German actor Gert Fröbe. If you go about a diet the wrong way, this statement hits the nail on the head. Those persons affected by lymphedema are often and for various reasons not able to select nutrition which would support successful edema management. Instead, they choose nutrition which has the opposite effect. </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The first steps</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>A long term solution can only consist in a change of diet. First and foremost, there is a need to identify the root causes of lymphedema in each patient and explore whether existing "diet mistakes” prevent optimal therapy. In most cases wrong nutritional habits are due to eating being associated with “rewarding oneself” or "providing relaxation”. It is important to find out about a patient’s eating habits and to identify where to start changing them, as the patient should not return to his or her previous pattern of nutrition. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>An end to excess weight Roughly 1.5 million people in Austria are overweight and roughly 700,000 are obese. Around 1 billion people worldwide are overweight, which is why the World Health Organization has classified obesity as a pandemic. Overweight is one of the main reasons for the development of edema. The accumulated excess fatty tissue allows more body water to be stored. Hence a first step in disease management should be to achieve an appropriate degree of targeted weight loss. In concrete terms this means that patients should plan to lose around two kilograms of body fat each month. 2 kg of body fat correspond to roughly 15,000 kcal. Hence they need to reduce their daily caloric intake by 500 kcal. Slightly more than half a pint of beer (0.33 l) and a small roll with slices of meatloaf contain 500 – 600 kcal. </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Complete article:</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.lymphedema-clinic.com/wittlinger/oedemarten/5-saeulen-der-behandlung/ernaehrung.html">Wittlinger Clinic</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">Editor's Note:</span> <span style="color: #073763;">This article is for information only and posting of it does not constitute either an endorsement or rejection of the principles mentioned. Please see your physcian before starting any type of diet, be it for weight or for lymphedema management.</span></b></span><br />
Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-11854555871705865662012-11-07T08:56:00.000-08:002012-11-07T08:57:31.100-08:00Nutrition and Lymphedema<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Nutrition and Lymphedema</b></span><br />
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Patients affected by lymphedema should try their best to achieve and maintain a reasonable weight in order to reduce the risk factors associated with obesity. </b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Is there a Lymphedema Diet?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br />No, there is no special diet for lymphedema. Patients affected by lymphedema, just like everybody else, should trust their own judgment when it comes to the selection of of a proper diet. If there are no other medical conditions present, such as diabetes or heart disease, a healthy and balanced diet should be the goal.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>An accepted approach in lymphedema management is to follow a low-salt and low-fat diet, which also positively contributes to weight management. A balanced healthy diet including whole grains, fish, fruits and vegetables and avoiding fatty foods, or those with high cholesterol will greatly reduce risk factors associated with lymphedema.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Many patients are under the impression that lymphedema may be positively affected by limiting the protein intake. This is not the case – although lymphedema is defined as an accumulation of water and protein in the tissues, it is essential to understand that lymphedema cannot be reduced by the limitation of protein ingestion. It is also important not to limit fluid intake in an attempt to reduce the swelling. Good hydration (water) is essential for basic cell function and especially important before and after lymphedema treatment to assist the body in eliminating waste products.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Read the full text of this excellent article:</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://acols.com/lymphedematoday/?p=408"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Lymphedema Today</b></span></a></div>
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Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-1971281597369146022012-11-03T13:00:00.000-07:002012-11-03T13:02:11.008-07:00Sugar and Lymphedema<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Just as there was with salt, it would appear that it is becoming more popular to claim anyone with lymphedema should avoid sugar. Also as was with salt, there is simply no clinical evidence that this is valid and that this needs to be practiced by lymphedema patients.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>If you are DIABETIC, if you are one that reacts in any way to sugar, then YES, avoid it. </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>If not, there is no danger is eating a small amount. Moderation is the key as is exercise, overall diet and your personal medical situation.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>And no, I do not eat that much myself, I simply feel before someone puts out claims or information, that information needs to be valid and based on evidence not conjecture, personal feelings, or even personal beliefs that are not born of evidence.</b></span><br />
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<b style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">For further reading see:</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /><a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_diabetes.htm">Edema and Diabetes</a> <span style="color: #660000;">(Shows difference between edema from diabetes and swelling from lymphedema, how to know the difference and how to treat the difference)</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>These are interesting articles as well:</b></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag-17Sugar-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.083em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Is Sugar Toxic?</b></span></a><br />
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<nyt_headline type=" " version="1.0"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sugar-in-drinks/MY02129">Sugar is Sugar - Don't be fooled</a> <span style="color: #990000;">(Mayo Clinic)</span></b></span></nyt_headline></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-sugar/MY01701">Why high blood sugar is bad</a><span style="color: #54585a;"> </span><span style="color: #990000;">(Mayo Clinic)</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-sugar/AN01804" style="color: #54585a;">Caffeine: Does it affect blood sugar?</a><span style="color: #54585a;"> </span><span style="color: #990000;">(Mayo Clinic)</span></span></h4>
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<a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/196024.php" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>What Is Sugar? How Much Added Sugar Should I Have?</b></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar"><b>Sugar</b></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/sugar.html">What is Sugar?</a></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The white stuff we know as sugar is sucrose, a molecule composed of 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen, and 11 atoms of oxygen (C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>11</sub>). Like all compounds made from these three elements, sugar is a carbohydrate. It’s found naturally in most plants, but especially in sugarcane and sugar beets—hence their names.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Sucrose is actually two simpler sugars stuck together: fructose and glucose. In recipes, a little bit of acid (for example, some lemon juice or cream of tartar) will cause sucrose to break down into these two components. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">If you look closely at dry sugar, you’ll notice it comes in little cubelike shapes. These are sugar crystals, orderly arrangements of sucrose molecules. (</span><span style="color: #e69138;">cont on link above</span><span style="color: #990000;">)</span></b></span></div>
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<br />Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8609550894709764636.post-17354396332627646172012-11-01T07:16:00.003-07:002012-11-01T07:16:27.899-07:00Introduction To Amino Acids<br />
<span class="spnMessageText" id="msg29"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b><span style="color: green; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; font-size: large;">Introduction To Amino Acids</span></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>The twenty amino acids (that make up proteins)each have assigned to them both three-letter (can be upper or lower case) and one-letter codes (upper case). This makes it quicker and easier for notation purposes and are worth learning. The following list gives these notations along with hypertext references to download amino acid gif images and also interactive molecules.</b></span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>The format of the list is: amino acid name - 3 letter code - 1 letter code (reference to gif image, reference to interactive molecule)</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Alanine - ala</span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"> - An <a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:amino_acid">amino acid</a>, one of the 20 building blocks of <a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:protein">protein</a>. Alanine is not an "essential" amino acid. It is not essential to the diet, but can be made by the body from other substances. Alanine was discovered in protein in 1875.</span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"> Symbol: Ala.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Arginine - arg</span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">- R -</span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Arginine is not an "essential" amino acid. It is not essential to the diet, but can be made by the body from other substances. However, it is usually considered essential to the diet for children so they can grow normally. Lack of arginine in the diet impairs growth and in adult males it decreases the sperm count.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Arginine is available in foods such as turkey, chicken and other meats and as L-arginine in supplements.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Babies born without an <a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:enzyme">enzyme</a> called phosphate synthetase have arginine deficiency <a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:syndrome">syndrome.</a> Adding arginine to their diet permits normal growth and development.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Arginine is the direct metabolic precursor (forerunner) of urea the dominant nitrogenous waste product. Arginine was discovered in protein in 1895. It is abbreviated Arg.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Asparagine - asn - N - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Asparagine is nonessential to the diet since the body can synthesize it. Asparagine is important to the metabolism of ammonia. It was the first amino acid to be isolated from a natural source, asparagus juice (1806). Symbol: Asn.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Aspartic acid - asp</span> <span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">- D - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A amino acid that is not essential to the human diet, aspartic acid was discovered in protein in 1868. It has a role as a neurotransmitter. Symbol: Asp.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Cysteine - cys - C - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Cysteine can be synthesized by the body and is not essential to the diet. Its key chemical feature is a thiol group that contains sulfur. This thiol group can combine with the thiol group of another cysteine to form a disulfide bridge, which helps structural proteins and enzymes maintain their configuration. Two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide bridge make up the amino acid cystine. The symbol for cysteine is Cys.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Glutamine - gln - Q - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Glutamine is present in plant and animal proteins. It can be synthesized by the body and is therefore not essential to the diet. Glutamine serves as an important carrier of ammonia and contributes it to the formation of urea and purines (which are essential to make DNA and RNA). Glutamine is broken down in the kidney. It was isolated in 1833 from beet juice but not synthesized until 1933. Symbol: Gln.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Glutamic acid - glu</span> <span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">- E - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A nonessential amino acid, glutamic acid is present in many animal and plant proteins. It is involved in ammonia metabolism and serves as a neurotransmitter. Glutamic acid was isolated from wheat gluten in 1866 and first synthesized in 1890. Symbol: Glu.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Glycine - gly - G - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A nonessential amino acid, glycine is part of many proteins, participates in purine synthesis, and is a neurotransmitter. Symbol: Gly.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Histidine - his - H - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">An essential amino acid, histidine is present in many proteins. Histidine is elevated in the blood and urine in a genetic condition called histidinemia. Decarboxylation of histidine results in the formation of histamine. Symbol: His.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Isoleucine - ile - I - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, isoleucine is needed for optimal growth in childhood. It is one of the three branched-chain amino acids. Symbol: Ile.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Leucine - leu - L - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, leucine is needed for optimal growth in childhood. It is one of the three branched-chain amino acids. Symbol: Leu.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Lysine - lys - K - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, lysine is present in many proteins and is necessary for optimal growth in childhood. Symbol: Lys.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Methionine - met - M - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, methionine provides methyl groups and sulfur for normal metabolism. Symbol: Met.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Phenylalanine - phe - F - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">(The human body cannot make it so it is essential to the diet.) Phenylalanine that is ingested is largely transformed (hydroxylated) to form the amino acid tyrosine, which is used in protein synthesis. Too little phenylalanine curbs physical and intellectual growth. Too much phenylalanine, as in phenylketonuria (PKU), is highly toxic to the brain. Phenylanine was first isolated in 1879 and first synthesized in 1882. Symbol: Phe.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Proline - pro - P - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary nonessential amino acid, proline is a major constituent of collagen. Symbol: Pro.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Serine - ser - S - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary nonessential amino acid, serine is present in many proteins participates in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, and is in the active sites of many enzymes. Symbol: Ser.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Threonine - thr - T - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, threonine is necessary for optimal growth in childhood but its exact roles in metabolism are unknown. Symbol: Thr.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Ttryptophan - trp - W - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, tryptophan is necessary for optimal growth of children. Bacteria in the intestine break tryptophan down to compounds that largely are responsible for the unpleasant odor of feces. Symbol: Trp.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Tyrosine - tyr - Y - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A nonessential amino acid, tyrosine is produced from another amino acid, phenylalanine. Deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that catalyzes this reaction causes the genetic disease called phenylketonuria (PKU). Tyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and melanin. Symbol: Tyr.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial;">Valine - val - V - </span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">A dietary essential amino acid, valine is required for optimal growth of children. It is one of the three branched-chain amino acids. Deficiency of the dehydrogenase enzyme for these branched-chain amino acids causes maple syrup urine disease. Symbol: Val.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Sometimes it is not possible two differentiate two closely related amino acids, therefore we have the special cases:</b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>asparagine/aspartic acid - asx - B</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>glutamine/glutamic acid - glx - Z</b></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Here is list where amino acids are grouped according to the characteristics of the side chains:</b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Aliphatic - alanine , glycine , isoleucine , leucine,</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b> proline valine </b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Aromatic - phenylalanine , tryptophan , tyrosine </b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Acidic - aspartic acid , glutamic acid</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Basic - arginine , histidine , lysine </b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Hydroxylic - serine , threonine </b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Sulphur-containing - cysteine , methionine</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><b>Amidic (containing amide group) - asparagine, glutamine</b></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: navy; font-size: large;"><b>see also: </b></span><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_minerals_amino_acids.htm"><b>Minerals, Trace Elements and Amino Acids</b></a></span></div>
Pat O'Connorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13638920419420663623noreply@blogger.com1